![]() Using the disciplinary lens of safety science to understand the Kursk case, has led to a deeper understanding of the causes of this disaster. ![]() Ideally, such failures would be prevented by means of safety protocols and checks, which is an organizational factor in play here. The fact that the door of the torpedo tube was not closed properly, is a clear example of a human failure. Failures of welds, gaskets, bulkheads, and the ventilation system point at technical errors in the design and maintenance of the dummy torpedo and the submarine. Both the explosion itself, and the impact it had, can be explained as a mixture of technical, human, and organizational factors. Using this backward looking fault tree analysis, we can point out the root cause of this Kursk disaster, the exploding torpedo. This chain of events eventually leads to the flooding, and, consequently, the sinking of the submarine. Because of a failure in a bulkhead and the type of ventilation system on board of the submarine, the explosion rips through several compartments of the ship. This, in turn, led to an explosion, the explosion blows off a torpedo door, which was not closed properly. It all starts with the failures in the dummy torpedo, which enabled a chemical reaction. This fault tree demonstrates how the sinking of the submarine, the top event, can be explained by a series of lower level events. A simplified fault tree of the Kursk could look like this. In case of the Kursk, a fault tree helps us to reconstruct a chain of events that eventually led to the sinking of the submarine. Fault tree analysis explains how an underside state of event, or a system, called the top event came about as a result of a series of lower level events. It can be applied to a real incident to reveal its causes, or it can be used to think through a potential scenario for safety risk. One of the methods used by safety scientists is that of a so-called fault tree, a fault tree is a method for risk analysis that helps us to identify, analyze, and visualize risk. In the case of the sinking of the Kursk, a safety scientist would look for risks, errors, and failures in both the design of the submarine and the safety culture on board of the ship. It also aims to develop an optimized systems and processes to prevent, contain, or limit safety risk. Safety Sciences always use various methods to indicate and calculate safety risks. For example, it studies safety at industrial plants, where people operate complicated machines or work with chemical substances. Safety Science covers a wide range of risks concerning humans and technology. The dominant perspective for understanding the sinking of the Kursk, is that of a safety scientist. We will also show you very briefly that other disciplines may add an additional angle for understanding the case as well. In this video, we will adopt one dominant disciplinary lens. ![]() In order to further our understanding of any case, we need to select one or more disciplinary lenses. Together we will search for answers to important questions: what is security and safety? How can we understand complex modern-day security and safety challenges? And how do we deal with such challenges? This course combines scholarly inquiry from multiple disciplines (ranging from terrorism studies, to crisis management, to medical science) with real-life cases to explore and understand complex modern-day safety and security challenges. The course will introduce you to the broad theme of security and safety in an increasingly complex world. As such, solutions to contemporary security challenges require a wide array of actors operating on multiple levels of governance. Facilitated by developments as globalization and the spread of networked and hyper-connected technologies, new safety and security challenges arise and impact local, national, regional and international levels, which dramatically increases their complexity and scale. In the current, interconnected world, security challenges are becoming increasingly complex. They also feature prominently in the public conscience and in governmental policies. These issues also rank high on the agenda of politicians, international organizations and businesses. Challenges such as, cyber-crime, terrorism, and environmental disasters impact the lives of millions across the globe. Security and safety challenges rank among the most pressing issues of modern times.
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